Gryphonskin Shoulder Guards

Excalibur Item 5581 Updated 2023-02-27 16:42 UTC

Garland

Weapon Parts Part Craftable Not gatherable HQ capable Tradable Vendor 21

Quantity30

Lowest336

HQ low397

NQ low336

Mean958

Last sale0

Gil week0

Sold week0

Supply100.00

Gryphonskin Shoulder Guards

Server: Excalibur

lowest 336

for sale 30

sold week 0

gil week 0

Stale market snapshot The summary still has 30 listings from 2023-02-27 12:49 UTC, but the raw current listing scan is no longer available.

Last Updated: 02/27/2023 16:42:33
Search Category: Weapon Parts | Item Category: Part | Sell price to vendor: 21
More Information

Gathering info:

Quantity for sale	Lowest Price	Lowest HQ Price	Lowest NQ Price	Mean Price (Average)	Last Sale Price	Gil Traded Last Week	Sold Last Week	Supply Ratio
30	336	397	336	0	0	0	0	100.00

Leatherworker Lv. 50

Cost 985 NQ -885 HQ -785

1 missing ingredient price(s)

Level 50 Leatherworker Recipe for Gryphonskin Shoulder Guards

Item Name	Quantity	Cheapest Price	Total	Last Updated
Item Name	Quantity	Cheapest Price	Total	Last Updated
Wind Cluster	1	121	121	09/13/2023 16:56:03
Earth Cluster	1	0	0	04/23/2024 01:07:15
Hippogryph Leather	1	479	479	05/21/2023 12:59:36
Hard Hippogryph Leather	1	105	105	06/15/2023 23:57:27
Raptor Sinew	1	280	280	01/14/2024 20:10:37

Total Price to Craft 1 : 985

Profit/Loss Normal = -885

Profit/Loss HQ = -785

Recipes using Gryphonskin Shoulder Guards
50 Gryphonskin Jerkin

Desynthesizes into:

Item Name:
Clear Demimateria III
Earth Cluster
Wind Cluster

Current listing scan is stale The aggregate numbers above are from 2023-02-27 12:49 UTC. This item needs a fresh MarketSense scan before exact current listings can be shown.

HQ	Price	Quantity	Depth	Total
HQ	Price	Quantity	Depth	Total

Showing 209 of 209 sales rows.

HQ	Price	Quantity	Total	Buyer	Date	UTCFILTIME
HQ	Price	Quantity	Total	Buyer	Date	UTCFILTIME
HQ	200	2	400	Alicina Fields	09/07/2023 21:28:27	133385957070000000
	100	1	100	Alicina Fields	09/07/2023 21:28:24	133385957040000000
HQ	98	2	196	Alicina Fields	09/07/2023 21:28:23	133385957030000000
HQ	85	2	170	Alicina Fields	09/07/2023 21:28:19	133385956990000000
HQ	166	1	166	Aya Fellheim	08/26/2023 01:28:20	133374869000000000
	999	1	999	Majestic River	02/05/2023 04:28:18	133200448980000000
	521	1	521	Majestic River	02/05/2023 04:28:17	133200448970000000
	500	1	500	Majestic River	02/05/2023 04:28:15	133200448950000000
	500	1	500	Majestic River	02/05/2023 04:28:13	133200448930000000
HQ	1,919	2	3,838	Alexora Victorian	02/03/2023 05:04:59	133198742990000000
	21	1	21	Dark Nova	01/10/2022 21:31:26	132863238860000000
	80	1	80	Dark Nova	01/09/2022 13:24:19	132862082590000000
HQ	44	2	88	Dark Nova	01/09/2022 13:24:18	132862082580000000
	21	1	21	Dark Nova	01/09/2022 13:24:17	132862082570000000
HQ	20	2	40	Dark Nova	01/09/2022 13:24:16	132862082560000000
HQ	19	2	38	Dark Nova	01/09/2022 13:24:15	132862082550000000
	55	1	55	Creamy White'sauce	12/28/2021 17:58:34	132851879140000000
	15	1	15	Creamy White'sauce	12/28/2021 17:58:32	132851879120000000
HQ	120	2	240	Hana Schatten	12/22/2021 13:20:43	132846528430000000
HQ	120	2	240	Hana Schatten	12/22/2021 13:20:42	132846528420000000
	100	1	100	Hana Schatten	12/22/2021 13:20:40	132846528400000000
	100	1	100	Hana Schatten	12/22/2021 13:20:38	132846528380000000
	97	1	97	Hana Schatten	12/22/2021 13:20:37	132846528370000000
HQ	50	2	100	Hana Schatten	12/22/2021 13:20:35	132846528350000000
HQ	49	1	49	Hana Schatten	12/22/2021 13:20:34	132846528340000000
HQ	49	1	49	Hana Schatten	12/22/2021 13:20:31	132846528310000000
	40	1	40	Hana Schatten	12/22/2021 13:20:29	132846528290000000
	40	1	40	Hana Schatten	12/22/2021 13:20:28	132846528280000000
HQ	35	2	70	Hana Schatten	12/22/2021 13:20:26	132846528260000000
HQ	35	2	70	Hana Schatten	12/22/2021 13:20:24	132846528240000000
	900	1	900	Zythi Varthuz	07/27/2021 22:11:11	132718974710000000
	666	1	666	Zythi Varthuz	07/27/2021 16:43:21	132718778010000000
HQ	1,010	2	2,020	Zythi Varthuz	07/26/2021 15:47:13	132717880330000000
HQ	1,009	2	2,018	Zythi Varthuz	07/26/2021 15:47:12	132717880320000000
	888	1	888	Zythi Varthuz	07/26/2021 15:47:10	132717880300000000
	1,000	1	1,000	Zythi Varthuz	07/25/2021 22:39:25	132717263650000000
HQ	524	2	1,048	Zythi Varthuz	07/25/2021 22:39:24	132717263640000000
	1,000	1	1,000	Zythi Varthuz	07/24/2021 13:34:05	132716072450000000
HQ	500	2	1,000	Ruka Apfel	07/23/2021 18:00:18	132715368180000000
HQ	1,000	2	2,000	Zythi Varthuz	07/22/2021 13:17:48	132714334680000000
HQ	1,000	2	2,000	Zythi Varthuz	07/22/2021 13:17:46	132714334660000000
HQ	900	2	1,800	Zythi Varthuz	07/22/2021 13:17:44	132714334640000000
	1,000	1	1,000	Ruka Apfel	07/21/2021 08:26:54	132713296140000000
	1,000	1	1,000	Ruka Apfel	07/21/2021 08:26:53	132713296130000000
	1,000	1	1,000	Ruka Apfel	07/21/2021 08:26:51	132713296110000000
HQ	1,000	2	2,000	Zythi Varthuz	07/20/2021 13:13:40	132712604200000000
HQ	1,000	2	2,000	Zythi Varthuz	07/19/2021 12:47:28	132711724480000000
HQ	1,000	2	2,000	Zythi Varthuz	07/19/2021 12:47:25	132711724450000000
HQ	1,000	2	2,000	Zythi Varthuz	07/18/2021 14:03:40	132710906200000000
HQ	999	2	1,998	Zythi Varthuz	07/18/2021 14:03:38	132710906180000000
HQ	1,000	2	2,000	Zythi Varthuz	07/07/2021 16:34:10	132701492500000000
HQ	500	2	1,000	Zythi Varthuz	07/05/2021 03:56:35	132699309950000000
HQ	499	2	998	Zythi Varthuz	07/05/2021 03:56:33	132699309930000000
	1,000	1	1,000	Zythi Varthuz	06/30/2021 12:42:22	132695305420000000
HQ	1,000	1	1,000	Zythi Varthuz	06/28/2021 15:37:31	132693682510000000
HQ	995	2	1,990	Zythi Varthuz	06/28/2021 15:37:30	132693682500000000
HQ	900	2	1,800	Zythi Varthuz	06/28/2021 15:37:28	132693682480000000
HQ	899	2	1,798	Zythi Varthuz	06/28/2021 15:37:27	132693682470000000
HQ	898	2	1,796	Zythi Varthuz	06/28/2021 15:37:26	132693682460000000
	800	1	800	Zythi Varthuz	06/28/2021 15:37:25	132693682450000000
HQ	400	2	800	Jaki Headphones	06/19/2021 23:42:01	132686197210000000
HQ	924	2	1,848	Sebastian Greyashe	06/18/2021 05:00:15	132684660150000000
	800	1	800	Sebastian Greyashe	06/18/2021 05:00:13	132684660130000000
HQ	794	2	1,588	Sebastian Greyashe	06/18/2021 05:00:12	132684660120000000
HQ	794	2	1,588	Sebastian Greyashe	06/18/2021 05:00:11	132684660110000000
HQ	794	2	1,588	Sebastian Greyashe	06/18/2021 05:00:09	132684660090000000
HQ	675	2	1,350	Sebastian Greyashe	06/18/2021 05:00:08	132684660080000000
	600	1	600	Sebastian Greyashe	06/18/2021 05:00:07	132684660070000000
	550	1	550	Sebastian Greyashe	06/18/2021 05:00:06	132684660060000000
HQ	424	2	848	Sebastian Greyashe	06/18/2021 05:00:05	132684660050000000
	6,500	1	6,500	Armagedda Kizaki	08/11/2019 04:23:23	132099710030000000
HQ	5,097	1	5,097	Armagedda Kizaki	08/11/2019 04:23:22	132099710020000000
HQ	4,000	1	4,000	Armagedda Kizaki	08/11/2019 04:23:20	132099710000000000
HQ	3,998	1	3,998	Armagedda Kizaki	08/11/2019 04:23:19	132099709990000000
	3,488	1	3,488	Armagedda Kizaki	08/11/2019 04:23:17	132099709970000000
	3,000	1	3,000	Armagedda Kizaki	08/11/2019 04:23:15	132099709950000000
	2,800	1	2,800	Armagedda Kizaki	08/11/2019 04:23:14	132099709940000000
	5,000	1	5,000	Wakaba Hiiro	08/05/2019 02:56:22	132094473820000000
	7,500	1	7,500	Armagedda Kizaki	08/04/2019 06:31:34	132093738940000000
	7,000	1	7,000	Armagedda Kizaki	08/04/2019 06:31:33	132093738930000000
	6,799	1	6,799	Armagedda Kizaki	08/04/2019 06:31:31	132093738910000000
	6,388	1	6,388	Armagedda Kizaki	08/04/2019 06:31:29	132093738890000000
	5,500	1	5,500	Armagedda Kizaki	08/04/2019 06:31:28	132093738880000000
	5,500	1	5,500	Armagedda Kizaki	08/04/2019 06:31:26	132093738860000000
	5,390	1	5,390	Izanami Kastra	08/04/2019 01:53:19	132093571990000000
HQ	10,000	1	10,000	Fantasia Overdose	07/26/2019 07:16:36	132085989960000000
	10,000	1	10,000	Fantasia Overdose	07/26/2019 07:16:35	132085989950000000
	8,000	1	8,000	Fantasia Overdose	07/26/2019 07:16:34	132085989940000000
	7,900	1	7,900	Fantasia Overdose	07/26/2019 07:16:33	132085989930000000
HQ	4,500	1	4,500	Armagedda Kizaki	07/26/2019 05:39:19	132085931590000000
	4,088	1	4,088	Armagedda Kizaki	07/14/2019 01:58:42	132075431220000000
	3,999	1	3,999	Armagedda Kizaki	07/14/2019 01:58:41	132075431210000000
	3,988	1	3,988	Armagedda Kizaki	07/14/2019 01:58:39	132075431190000000
	3,288	1	3,288	Armagedda Kizaki	07/14/2019 01:58:38	132075431180000000
	3,288	1	3,288	Armagedda Kizaki	07/14/2019 01:58:37	132075431170000000
	3,000	1	3,000	Armagedda Kizaki	07/14/2019 01:58:35	132075431150000000
HQ	2,800	1	2,800	Armagedda Kizaki	07/14/2019 01:58:33	132075431130000000
	2,800	1	2,800	Armagedda Kizaki	07/14/2019 01:58:32	132075431120000000
	2,799	1	2,799	Armagedda Kizaki	07/14/2019 01:58:28	132075431080000000
	5,000	1	5,000	Armagedda Kizaki	06/27/2019 00:38:57	132060695370000000
	3,900	1	3,900	Armagedda Kizaki	06/27/2019 00:38:56	132060695360000000
HQ	5,000	1	5,000	Armagedda Kizaki	06/23/2019 06:52:18	132057463380000000
	4,500	1	4,500	Armagedda Kizaki	06/23/2019 06:52:16	132057463360000000
	6,000	1	6,000	Armagedda Kizaki	06/21/2019 04:59:51	132055667910000000
	6,000	1	6,000	Armagedda Kizaki	06/21/2019 04:59:50	132055667900000000
	5,000	1	5,000	Armagedda Kizaki	06/21/2019 04:59:48	132055667880000000
HQ	8,000	1	8,000	Armagedda Kizaki	06/17/2019 03:06:23	132052143830000000
HQ	6,500	1	6,500	Armagedda Kizaki	06/17/2019 03:06:22	132052143820000000
HQ	6,420	1	6,420	Armagedda Kizaki	06/17/2019 03:06:20	132052143800000000
	6,088	1	6,088	Armagedda Kizaki	06/17/2019 03:06:19	132052143790000000
	5,999	1	5,999	Jedor Nomad	06/03/2019 05:28:04	132040132840000000
HQ	5,500	1	5,500	Jedor Nomad	06/03/2019 05:28:03	132040132830000000
HQ	5,499	1	5,499	Jedor Nomad	06/03/2019 05:28:02	132040132820000000
	4,000	1	4,000	Ghamenjo Marujido	06/02/2019 17:00:32	132039684320000000
	4,000	1	4,000	Ghamenjo Marujido	05/30/2019 00:37:18	132036502380000000
	3,750	1	3,750	Ghamenjo Marujido	05/30/2019 00:37:15	132036502350000000
	1,500	1	1,500	Ghamenjo Marujido	05/30/2019 00:37:14	132036502340000000
	1,000	1	1,000	Ghamenjo Marujido	05/30/2019 00:37:12	132036502320000000
	5,000	1	5,000	Avaes Fen	05/25/2019 10:27:01	132032536210000000
	5,000	1	5,000	Avaes Fen	05/25/2019 10:27:00	132032536200000000
	3,500	1	3,500	Ghamenjo Marujido	05/22/2019 23:52:16	132030427360000000
HQ	3,499	1	3,499	Ghamenjo Marujido	05/22/2019 23:52:14	132030427340000000
	5,000	1	5,000	Ghamenjo Marujido	05/21/2019 00:18:57	132028715370000000
	5,000	1	5,000	Ghamenjo Marujido	05/19/2019 16:52:53	132027583730000000
	5,000	1	5,000	Ghamenjo Marujido	05/15/2019 00:34:12	132023540520000000
HQ	9,500	1	9,500	Waffles Sunreaper	05/06/2019 00:51:50	132015775100000000
HQ	9,250	1	9,250	Waffles Sunreaper	05/06/2019 00:51:48	132015775080000000
	9,088	1	9,088	Waffles Sunreaper	05/06/2019 00:51:47	132015775070000000
HQ	8,499	1	8,499	Waffles Sunreaper	05/06/2019 00:51:46	132015775060000000
	6,988	1	6,988	Waffles Sunreaper	05/06/2019 00:51:45	132015775050000000
	5,000	1	5,000	Waffles Sunreaper	05/06/2019 00:51:44	132015775040000000
	4,500	1	4,500	Waffles Sunreaper	05/06/2019 00:51:43	132015775030000000
	4,499	1	4,499	Waffles Sunreaper	05/06/2019 00:51:42	132015775020000000
	4,000	1	4,000	Ghamenjo Marujido	05/05/2019 19:50:01	132015594010000000
	3,999	1	3,999	Ghamenjo Marujido	05/05/2019 19:49:58	132015593980000000
	3,000	1	3,000	Ghamenjo Marujido	05/04/2019 00:33:42	132014036220000000
	3,500	1	3,500	Ghamenjo Marujido	05/01/2019 21:53:32	132012212120000000
HQ	9,999	1	9,999	Win Rar	04/23/2019 11:35:27	132004929270000000
HQ	9,500	1	9,500	Win Rar	04/23/2019 11:35:26	132004929260000000
HQ	9,000	1	9,000	Win Rar	04/23/2019 11:35:24	132004929240000000
HQ	8,555	1	8,555	Win Rar	04/23/2019 11:35:22	132004929220000000
	8,500	1	8,500	Win Rar	04/23/2019 11:35:21	132004929210000000
HQ	8,000	1	8,000	Win Rar	04/23/2019 11:35:19	132004929190000000
	6,750	1	6,750	Win Rar	04/23/2019 11:35:18	132004929180000000
	6,700	1	6,700	Win Rar	04/23/2019 11:35:16	132004929160000000
	6,088	1	6,088	Win Rar	04/23/2019 11:35:15	132004929150000000
	6,050	1	6,050	Win Rar	04/23/2019 11:35:13	132004929130000000
	5,000	1	5,000	Win Rar	04/23/2019 11:35:11	132004929110000000
	5,000	1	5,000	Win Rar	04/23/2019 11:35:10	132004929100000000
HQ	5,000	1	5,000	Gizu Momozu	04/09/2019 06:18:25	131992643050000000
	3,800	1	3,800	Ghamenjo Marujido	04/09/2019 00:38:46	131992439260000000
	4,000	1	4,000	Freya Crescent	04/06/2019 13:35:18	131990313180000000
	2,500	1	2,500	Ghamenjo Marujido	04/03/2019 00:39:55	131987255950000000
HQ	4,350	1	4,350	Jedor Nomad	04/02/2019 03:16:35	131986485950000000
HQ	4,250	1	4,250	Jedor Nomad	04/02/2019 03:16:34	131986485940000000
HQ	4,000	1	4,000	Jedor Nomad	04/02/2019 03:16:33	131986485930000000
HQ	3,950	1	3,950	Jedor Nomad	04/02/2019 03:16:32	131986485920000000
HQ	3,950	1	3,950	Jedor Nomad	04/02/2019 03:16:31	131986485910000000
HQ	3,900	1	3,900	Jedor Nomad	04/02/2019 03:16:30	131986485900000000
HQ	4,100	1	4,100	Ghamenjo Marujido	03/30/2019 19:58:47	131984495270000000
	3,000	1	3,000	Ghamenjo Marujido	03/30/2019 19:58:44	131984495240000000
HQ	4,500	1	4,500	Yohime Mjollnir	03/23/2019 23:03:32	131978558120000000
	4,444	1	4,444	Knee Socks	03/18/2019 15:48:19	131973976990000000
	3,499	1	3,499	Knee Socks	03/18/2019 15:48:18	131973976980000000
	3,400	1	3,400	Ghamenjo Marujido	03/16/2019 20:32:46	131972419660000000
	4,000	1	4,000	Jedor Nomad	02/20/2019 07:40:01	131951220010000000
	3,499	1	3,499	Jedor Nomad	02/20/2019 07:40:00	131951220000000000
	3,000	1	3,000	Ghamenjo Marujido	02/19/2019 00:55:16	131950113160000000
	3,088	1	3,088	Ghamenjo Marujido	02/15/2019 02:33:04	131946715840000000
	5,088	1	5,088	Jedor Nomad	02/08/2019 08:02:59	131940865790000000
HQ	4,000	1	4,000	Ghamenjo Marujido	02/02/2019 17:41:22	131936028820000000
	2,999	1	2,999	Ghamenjo Marujido	01/31/2019 23:26:12	131934507720000000
HQ	4,000	1	4,000	Ghamenjo Marujido	01/30/2019 00:02:47	131932801670000000
	4,000	1	4,000	Ghamenjo Marujido	01/29/2019 02:44:24	131932034640000000
HQ	3,097	1	3,097	Ghamenjo Marujido	01/28/2019 00:17:03	131931082230000000
HQ	3,000	1	3,000	Ghamenjo Marujido	01/28/2019 00:17:01	131931082210000000
	3,000	1	3,000	Ghamenjo Marujido	01/28/2019 00:17:00	131931082200000000
	3,000	1	3,000	Ghamenjo Marujido	01/25/2019 04:54:01	131928656410000000
	2,500	1	2,500	Ghamenjo Marujido	01/25/2019 04:53:59	131928656390000000
	5,000	1	5,000	Jedor Nomad	01/13/2019 04:22:29	131918269490000000
HQ	4,997	1	4,997	Jedor Nomad	01/13/2019 04:22:28	131918269480000000
	4,897	1	4,897	Jedor Nomad	01/13/2019 04:22:27	131918269470000000
	3,800	1	3,800	Jedor Nomad	01/13/2019 04:22:26	131918269460000000
	3,750	1	3,750	Jedor Nomad	01/13/2019 04:22:25	131918269450000000
	6,700	1	6,700	Knee Socks	08/30/2018 00:13:17	131800615970000000
	7,000	1	7,000	Isane Baketsu	07/30/2018 01:16:20	131773869800000000
	4,000	1	4,000	Isane Baketsu	07/30/2018 01:16:19	131773869790000000
	3,800	1	3,800	Isane Baketsu	07/30/2018 01:16:17	131773869770000000
	3,500	1	3,500	Isane Baketsu	07/30/2018 01:16:16	131773869760000000
	5,088	1	5,088	Waffles Sunreaper	07/01/2018 00:58:34	131748803140000000
HQ	10,000	1	10,000	Waffles Sunreaper	06/24/2018 23:03:02	131743549820000000
HQ	9,097	1	9,097	Waffles Sunreaper	06/24/2018 23:03:01	131743549810000000
HQ	9,000	1	9,000	Waffles Sunreaper	06/24/2018 23:03:00	131743549800000000
	8,000	1	8,000	Waffles Sunreaper	06/24/2018 23:03:00	131743549800000000
	5,000	1	5,000	Waffles Sunreaper	06/24/2018 23:02:59	131743549790000000
	8,000	1	8,000	Waffles Sunreaper	06/18/2018 19:13:08	131738227880000000
	7,995	1	7,995	Waffles Sunreaper	06/18/2018 19:13:07	131738227870000000
HQ	6,000	1	6,000	Knee Socks	06/16/2018 09:42:31	131736157510000000
	6,000	1	6,000	Knee Socks	06/16/2018 09:42:30	131736157500000000
	5,000	1	5,000	Knee Socks	06/16/2018 09:42:25	131736157450000000
	10,000	1	10,000	Waffles Sunreaper	06/04/2018 14:30:40	131725962400000000
HQ	9,000	1	9,000	Waffles Sunreaper	06/04/2018 14:30:39	131725962390000000
	9,000	1	9,000	Waffles Sunreaper	06/04/2018 14:30:39	131725962390000000
HQ	7,000	1	7,000	Waffles Sunreaper	06/01/2018 19:35:12	131723553120000000
HQ	6,999	1	6,999	Waffles Sunreaper	06/01/2018 19:35:11	131723553110000000
HQ	5,000	1	5,000	Hazy Autumn	06/01/2018 16:29:25	131723441650000000
	2,088	1	2,088	Hazy Autumn	06/01/2018 15:35:13	131723409130000000
	1,988	1	1,988	Hazy Autumn	06/01/2018 15:35:11	131723409110000000
	1,900	1	1,900	Hazy Autumn	06/01/2018 15:35:09	131723409090000000

Excalibur Cross Server Data for Gryphonskin Shoulder Guards on Primal

Server	Lowest Price	Quantity for sale	Lowest HQ	Lowest NQ	7 Day Average	World-Visit Profit?	Last Sale	Gil Traded Last Week	Sold Last Week	Updated
Behemoth Stale	249	10	449	249	-	-	0	0	0	2023-04-02 15:47
Excalibur Home Stale	336	30	397	336	-	-	0	0	0	2023-02-27 16:42
Exodus Stale	418	31	419	418	200	-	200	200	1	2023-02-25 10:52
Famfrit Stale	518	13	4,719	518	1	-	1	2	2	2022-04-17 20:46
Hyperion Stale	150	31	150	170	-	-	0	0	0	2022-04-18 21:35
Lamia Stale	400	29	400	400	-	-	0	0	0	2022-04-15 22:07
Leviathan Stale	770	10	777	770	-	-	0	0	0	2023-02-27 14:15
Ultros Stale	950	17	950	1,000	888	-	21	6,218	7	2021-09-07 23:33

Listings by price point

Active marketboard listings grouped by unit price.

No current listing buckets to chart.

Recent sales history

Daily average prices, range, and sales volume.

Gryphonskin Shoulder Guards

Gryphonskin Shoulder Guards

Server: Excalibur

Gathering info:

Level 50 Leatherworker Recipe for Gryphonskin Shoulder Guards

Total Price to Craft 1 : 985

Profit/Loss Normal = -885

Profit/Loss HQ = -785

Desynthesizes into:

Current Prices

Price History

Excalibur Cross Server Data for Gryphonskin Shoulder Guards on Primal

Listings by price point

Recent sales history